Perjanjian Perdagangan Asimetri Indonesia-Eropa-Inggris Pasca Brexit
Keywords:
Brexit, kesepakatan asimetri, industri kayu, Uni Eropa, kesepakatan perdagangan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan bagaimana asimetri kesepakatan antara Inggris dengan Indonesia pasca Brexit. Tinjauan literatur pada kesepakatan perdagangan internasional dilakukan dengan menelusuri data kesepakatan yang tersimpan dalam basis data Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia dalam periode 2010-2019. Hasil memperoleh hanya ada satu kesepakatan dagang Indonesia-Inggris yaitu terkait proyek Fourth Stage Multi-stakeholder Forestry Program (4th-MFP). Pada periode yang sama, Indonesia juga ikut serta dalam kesepakatan dagang dengan Uni Eropa bernama Voluntary Partnership Agreement – Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (VPA-FLEGT). VPA-FLEGT asimetri dengan menguntungkan Uni Eropa sementara MFP asimetri dengan menguntungkan Indonesia. Setelah menganalisis kedua kesepakatan, ditemukan kecenderungan bahwa Inggris akan terus mendorong asimetri terjadi karena memiliki undang-undang lingkungan hidup yang ketat dan kebutuhan akan kayu yang besar. Asimetri akan mendorong Indonesia tetap dapat memasok Inggris dengan kayu yang berasal dari sumber-sumber legal pasca Brexit.
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References
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Buhmann, K., & Nathan, I. (2012). Plentiful forests, happy people? The EU’s FLEGT approach and its impact on human rights and private forestry sustainability schemes. Nordic Environmental Law Journal, 2, 53–82.
Buongiorno, J., Johnston, C., & Zhu, S. (2017). An assessment of gains and losses from international trade in the forest sector. Forest Policy and Economics, 80, 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.04.004
Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., & Sampson, T. (2017). A hitch-hiker’s guide to post-Brexit trade negotiations: options and principles. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 33(S1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grx005
Dimitriu, C. (2014). Free trade and exploitation. Daimon. Revista Internacional de Filosofia, 62, 101–108.
Erbaugh, J., Nurrochmat, D., & Purnomo, H. (2017). Regulation, formalization, and smallholder timber production in northern Central Java, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems, 91(5), 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-0037-6
Fishman, A., & Obidzinski, K. (2015). Verified Legal? Ramifications of the EU Timber Regulation and Indonesia’s Voluntary Partnership Agreement for the Legality of Indonesian Timber. International Forestry Review, 17(1), 10–19.
Garcia, F. J., Ciko, L., Gaurav, A., & Hough, K. (2015). Reforming the International Investment Regime: Lessons from International Trade Law. Journal of International Economic Law, 18, 861–892. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgv042
Gómez-Mera, L., & Barrett, B. (2012). The Political Economy of Preferential Trade Agreements: Latin America and Beyond. Latin American Politics and Society, 54(1), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00147.x
Heyvaert, V., & Cavoski, A. (2017). UK Environmental Law Post Brexit. Environmental Law Network International Review, 1, 2–10.
Holmes, P., Rollo, J., & Winters, L. A. (2016). Negotiating the UK’s post Brexit trade arrangements. National Institute Economic Review, 238(1), 22–30.
Indrawati. (2016). Peran Sektor Bisnis Dalam Penandatanganan Voluntary Partnership Agreement On Forest Law Enforcement Governance And Trade (VPA-FLEGT) antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa. Global Insight Journal, 01(1), 38–54.
Jeffree, M. (2019). EU wood promotion programmes and their recognition of FLEGT.
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. Persetujuan Kemitraan Sukarela antara Republik Indonesia dan Uni Eropa tentang Penegakan Hukum Kehutanan, Penatakelolaan, dan Perdagangan Produk Kayu ke Uni Eropa (2014).
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. Memorandum Saling Pengertian antara Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia dan Kementerian Pertanian dan Lingkungan Hidup Republik Finlandia tentang Kerjasama Bidang Kehutanan dan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam (2017).
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. Surat Pengaturan Antara Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia dan Departemen Pembangunan Internasional Kerajaan Inggris Raya Mengenai Kerja Sama untuk Mendukung Perdagangan Produk Kayu yang Dipanen secara Legal dan Pengelolaan Huta (2018).
Krott, M., Bader, A., Schusser, C., Devkota, R., Maryudi, A., Giessen, L., & Aurenhammer, H. (2014). Forest Policy and Economics Actor-centred power: The driving force in decentralised community based forest governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 49, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.04.012
Martono, D. S., & Rahayu, S. (2017). Estimasi Kandungan Karbon Pohon Mahoni (Swietinea macrophylla, King) Penyusun Hutan Rakyat Bersertifikat SVLK (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu) (Studi Kasus di PPHR Lawu Lestari Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan). Agri-Tek: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, Kehutanan Dan Agroteknologi, 17(2), 36–41.
Maryudi, A. (2016). Choosing timber legality verification as a policy instrument to combat illegal logging in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 68, 99–104.
Pansera, M., & Sarkar, S. (2016). Crafting Sustainable Development Solutions?: Frugal Innovations of Grassroots Entrepreneurs. Sustainability, 8(51), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010051
Richards, M., & Hobley, M. (2016). Empowering civil society in forest policies and governance: livelihood impact assessment of EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreements. The International Forestry Review, 18(3), 345–356.
Rutt, R. L., Myers, R., Ramcilovic-Suominen, S., & Mcdermott, C. (2018). FLEGT?: Another ‘forestry fad’? Environmental Science and Policy, 89, 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.08.012
Sabastian, G. E., Yumn, A., Roshetko, J. M., Manalu, P., Martini, E., & Perdana, A. (2019). Adoption of silvicultural practices in smallholder timber and NTFPs production systems in Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems, 93(2), 607–620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0155-9
Sahide, M., Maryudi, A., Supratman, & Giessen, L. (2016). Forest Policy and Economics Is Indonesia utilising its international partners? The driving forces behind Forest Management Units. Forest Policy and Economics, 69, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2016.04.002
Sudrajat, A., Hardjanto, & Sundawati, L. (2016). Partisipasi Petani dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Lestari?: Kasus di Desa Cikeusal dan Desa Kananga Kabupaten Kuningan. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 07(1), 8–17.
Suryatmojo, H. (2014). Recovery of Forest Soil Disturbance in the Intensive Forest Management System. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20, 832–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.101
Syamsu, I. F., Hardjanto, & Hero, Y. (2019). Pinjaman Tunda Tebang Hutan Rakyat: Siapa yang Mengakses? (Studi Kasus?: Hutan Rakyat di Bojonegoro). Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 9(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.1.114-127
Trejo-Mathys, J. (2013). Towards a Critical Theory of the World Trade Organization?: Thinking with Rawls beyond Rawls. Constellations, 20(3), 459–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12051
Zeitlin, J., & Overdevest, C. (2019). Experimentalist Interactions: FLEGT and the Transnational Timber Legality Regime. Amsterdam. Retrieved from ttps://ssrn.com/abstract=3406065
Published
2020-07-31
How to Cite
Kaukab, M. E., & Sahide, A. (2020). Perjanjian Perdagangan Asimetri Indonesia-Eropa-Inggris Pasca Brexit. Fokus Bisnis : Media Pengkajian Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 19(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.32639/fokusbisnis.v19i1.415
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Articles
